Plantar reflex downward (Normal)
Plantar reflex inverted (Babinski sign)
Test properties: Sens 35, Spec 77, LR+ 1.5, LR- 0.8
Babinski sign
- Babinski sign, damage in the pyramidal tracts causes a pure spinal reflex to be triggered
- The big toe slowly bends upward and the toes fan out
- Normal phenomenon in children up to 2 years of age
Other special tests for the back
- Thoracic intervertebral disc flexion
- Schober test
- Slump test
- N. femoralis stretch test (Reverse Lasegue)
- Lasegue test
- Key examinations in radiculopathy L2-S2
- Nerve root involvement L2
- Nerve root involvement L3
- Nerve root involvement L4
- Nerve root involvement L5
- Nerve root involvement S1
- nerve root involvement S2
- Cauda equina syndrome